The bandurria is a plectrum chordophone from Spain, similar to the cittern and the mandolin, primarily used in Spanish folk music. It bears a close resemblance to the Portuguese guitarra (a guitarra Portuguesa).

Prior to the 18th century, the bandurria had with a round back, similar or related to the mandore.^[1] It had become a flat-backed instrument by the 18th century, with five double courses of strings, tuned in fourths.^[1] The original bandurrias of the Medievalperiod had three strings. During the Renaissance they gained a fourth string. During the Baroque period the bandurria had 10 strings (5 pairs). The modern bandurria has 12 strings (6 pairs). The strings are tuned in unison pairs, going up in fourths from the low G#. The lowest four strings are a major-third above those of a standard guitar and the highest two strings are a fourth above a standard guitar, ie G♯, c♯, f♯, b, e and a.^[2]